Title:Network Models

Research network models: OSI Model and TCP/IP.Provide the following:

OSI Model

Describe:

-OSI model stands for Open System Interconnection.

-A networking framework to implement protocols in layers,with control passed from one layer to the next.

-The networks divide into 7 layers.

Diagram:

OSI 7 layer:

Application:Provide access to available network resources

Presentation:Translate,encrypts and compress data

Session:Manages and terminates communicative sessions

Transport:Provides reliable process-to-process message delivery and error recovery

Network:Moves packets from source to destination providing internetworking capabilities

Data link:Organizes bits into frames providing node-to-node delivery

Physical:Transmits bits over a medium establishing mechanical and electrical specifications

TCP/IP

Describe:

-TCP/IP stands for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol.

-Set of networking protocols that allow two or more computers to communicate.

Diagram:

TCP/IP layer:

Application:Consist of applications/programs and processes that use the network

Transport:Provides end-to-end data delivery services

Internet:Defines the datagram and handles the routing of data

Link:Consist of routines for accessing physical medias

Definitions, O. and Hope, C. (2018). What is OSI?. [online] Computerhope.com. Available at: https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/o/osi.htm [Accessed 24 Apr. 2018].

vasanthimuniasamy (2013). Osi reference model. [online] Slideshare.net. Available at: https://www.slideshare.net/vasanthimuniasamy/osi-reference-model-27374402 [Accessed 24 Apr. 2018].

Study.com. (2018). Session Layer of the OSI Model: Functions, Protocols & Examples - Video & Lesson Transcript | Study.com. [online] Available at: https://study.com/academy/lesson/session-layer-of-the-osi-model-functions-protocols-examples.html [Accessed 25 Apr. 2018].

Network Topology

Define Network topology?
It is an arrangement with which computer system or network devices are connected to each other.

Six different network topologies:

• Point-to-point
• Bus topology
• Star topology
• Ring topology
• Mesh topology
• Tree topology

1. Point-to-point

Description:

When there's two devices are connected to each other.

Diagram:

Advantage:

• Fast
• No additional devices

Disadvantage:

• Maximum two devices only
• Cable breaks will affect to the whole network

          2.Bus topology

Description:

All devices share in one cable

Diagram:

Advantage:

• Easy to implement
• Less cable

Disadvantage:

• Slow connection since other computers are connect in one cable
• Others cannot connect when the cable is broken

 

        3.Star topology

Description:

All devices are connected to one hub or switch.

Diagram:

Advantage:

• Easy to manage
• Easy to detect faults

Disadvantage:

• Expensive
• More cable

     

       4.Ring topology

Description:

It past to one by one until it receive the information.

Diagram:

Advantage:

• Fast sending message
• If another host not working,can use another host

Disadvantage:

• Take time to wait 
• Its not privacy since others can read the message

   

       5.Mesh topology

Description:

Host is connected to one or multiple host.

Diagram:

Advantage:

• Faster because there are more cable
• There is many ways to send when others cable is not working

Disadvantage:

• More cable
• Expensive

     6.Tree topology

Description:

Known as hierarchical topology and most commonly use in the topology.

Diagram:

Advantage:

• Fast
• easy to identify when there's network failure

Disadvantage:

• Expensive

CN_LAN_Lab8_Nurhamizah

LO4 : Gather Information

LO4 : Be able to use it tools to produce management information

4.1 Tools

• Database

A database is a collection of information that is organized so that it can be easily accessed, managed and updated.

• Artificial Intelligence

Artificial intelligence (AI) is an area of computer science that emphasizes the creation of intelligent machines that work and react like humans. Some of the activities computers with artificial intelligence are designed for include:

• Speech recognition
• Learning
• Planning
• Problem solving

• Spreadsheets

A spreadsheet is a sheet of paper that shows accounting or other data in rows and columns.

• Internet

An electronic communications network that connects computer networks and organizational computer facilities around the world.

4.2 Gather information

• Define the requirement

Identify and collect someone data information

• Establish sources of information

Collecting the need of the information : name,age,status,address

• Define other factors to be considered

Interview, books and newspaper

• Select information

Select the right information which is valid and reliable such as interview people

4.3 Analyze information

Quality of information

• Validity of information

                                                                                                  

• Accuracy of information

• Currency of information

• Relevance of information

4.4 Management information

Reports

 A document containing information organized in a narrative, graphic, or arrangement form

• Sales Report

• Population Statistics

• Marketing Analysis

References:

http://searchsqlserver.techtarget.com/definition/database

https://www.techopedia.com/definition/190/artificial-intelligence-ai

http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/spreadsheet

https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Internet

https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/requirement

LO3: MIS Company

Telbru Company

• The ultimate goal of TelBru supply chain management system is to reduce inventory and costs through optimisation of vendor relationship and a highly integrated automated procure-to-pay system on a proven technological platform.

LO3:Types of information system

3.4 Types of information system

Ø  Management information system

A management information system (MIS) is a set of systems and procedures that gather information from a range of sources, compile it and present it in a readable format. Managers use an MIS to create reports that provide them with a comprehensive overview of all the information they need to make decisions ranging from daily minutiae to top-level strategy. Today's management information systems rely largely on technology to compile and present data, but the concept is older than modern computing technologies.

Ø  Marketing information system

A system that analyzes and assesses marketing information, gathered continuously from sources inside and outside an organization. Timely marketing information provides basis for decisions such as product development or improvement, pricing, packaging, distribution, media selection, and promotion. See also market information system.

Ø  Financial information system

A financial information system (FIS) accumulates and analyzes financial data used for optimal financial planning and forecasting decisions and outcomes. An FIS is used in conjunction with a decision support system, and it helps a firm attain its financial objectives because they use a minimal amount of resources relative to a predetermined margin of safety. An FIS can be thought of as a financial planner for electronic commerce that can also produce large amounts of market and financial data at once obtained from financial databases worldwide.

Ø  Human-resources information system

The Human Resource Information System (HRIS) is a software or online solution for the data entry, data tracking, and data information needs of the Human Resources, payroll, management, and accounting functions within a business. It is useful for all processes that you want to track and from which you hope to gather data.

3.5 Management information system

Ø  Features

•         It collect data
•          It provides information
•          Database management
•          Make information accessible
•          Its flexible

Ø  Benefits

·         MIS increases productivity

·         MIS enhances the quality of decision-making

·         MIS improves communication and helps develop team work

·         MIS can facilitate organizational transformation

Ø  Effectiveness criteria

http://smallbusiness.chron.com/management-information-system-2104.html

http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/marketing-information-system.html

https://www.techopedia.com/definition/26394/financial-information-system-fis

https://www.thebalance.com/human-resources-information-system-hris-1918140

http://www.ehow.com/info_8024187_management-information-system-features.html

http://ecomputernotes.com/mis/what-is-mis/benefitsofmis